build: Upgrade to TypeScript 2.5 (#20175)

- update to TypeScript 2.5
- point the 2.4 typings test at the previous typescript version, so we
  don't break it accidentally
- widen the peerDeps from Angular packages that depend on TypeScript
- update to latest TypeScript 2.5 compatible Bazel rules
- move .bazelrc to tools/bazel.rc per https://docs.bazel.build/versions/master/best-practices.html#bazelrc

PR Close #20175

tools/bazel.rc

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+###############################
+# Typescript / Angular / Sass #
+###############################
+
+# Make compilation fast, by keeping a few copies of the compilers
+# running as daemons, and cache SourceFile AST's to reduce parse time.
+build --strategy=TypeScriptCompile=worker
+build --strategy=AngularTemplateCompile=worker
+
+###############################
+# Filesystem interactions     #
+###############################
+
+# Don't create bazel-* symlinks in the WORKSPACE directory.
+# These require .gitignore and may scare users.
+# Also, it's a workaround for https://github.com/bazelbuild/rules_typescript/issues/12
+# which affects the common case of having `tsconfig.json` in the WORKSPACE directory.
+#
+# Instead, you should run `bazel info bazel-bin` to find out where the outputs went.
+build --symlink_prefix=/
+
+# Performance: avoid stat'ing input files
+build --watchfs
+
+###############################
+# Output                      #
+###############################
+
+# Don't print all the .d.ts output locations after builds
+build --show_result=0
+
+# A more useful default output mode for bazel query
+# Prints eg. "ng_module rule //foo:bar" rather than just "//foo:bar"
+query --output=label_kind
+
+# Don't print every dependency in :node_modules, for example
+query --noimplicit_deps
+
+# By default, failing tests don't print any output, it goes to the log file
+test --test_output=errors
+
+# Show which actions are run under workers,
+# and print all the actions running in parallel.
+# Helps to demonstrate that bazel uses all the cores on the machine.
+build --experimental_ui
+test --experimental_ui