fix(ngcc): render localized strings when in ES5 format (#33857)

Recently the ngtsc translator was modified to be more `ScriptTarget`
aware, which basically means that it will not generate non-ES5 code
when the output format is ES5 or similar.

This commit enhances that change by also "downleveling" localized
messages. In ES2015 the messages use tagged template literals, which
are not available in ES5.

PR Close #33857

packages/compiler-cli/ngcc/test/integration/ngcc_spec.ts

@@ -223,6 +223,38 @@ runInEachFileSystem(() => {
          expect(esm5Contents).toContain(`export {InternalFooModule} from './src/internal';`);
        });
 
+    it('should use `$localize` calls rather than tagged templates in ES5 generated code', () => {
+      compileIntoFlatEs5Package('test-package', {
+        '/index.ts': `
+        import {Component, Input, NgModule} from '@angular/core';
+
+        @Component({
+          selector: '[foo]',
+          template: '<div i18n="some:\`description\`">A message</div>'
+        })
+        export class FooComponent {
+        }
+
+        @NgModule({
+          declarations: [FooComponent],
+        })
+        export class FooModule {}
+      `,
+      });
+
+      mainNgcc({
+        basePath: '/node_modules',
+        targetEntryPointPath: 'test-package',
+        propertiesToConsider: ['main'],
+      });
+
+      const jsContents = fs.readFile(_(`/node_modules/test-package/index.js`));
+      expect(jsContents).not.toMatch(/\$localize\s*`/);
+      expect(jsContents)
+          .toMatch(
+              /\$localize\(ɵngcc\d+\.__makeTemplateObject\(\[":some:`description`:A message"], \[":some\\\\:\\\\`description\\\\`:A message"]\)\);/);
+    });
+
     describe('in async mode', () => {
       it('should run ngcc without errors for fesm2015', async() => {
         const promise = mainNgcc({