feat(compiler): support sync runtime compile

Adds new abstraction `Compiler` with methods
`compileComponentAsync` and `compileComponentSync`.
This is in preparation of deprecating `ComponentResolver`.

`compileComponentSync` is able to compile components
synchronously given all components either have an inline
template or they have been compiled before.

Also changes `TestComponentBuilder.createSync` to
take a `Type` and use the new `compileComponentSync` method.

Also supports overriding the component metadata even if
the component has already been compiled.

Also fixes #7084 in a better way.

BREAKING CHANGE:
`TestComponentBuilder.createSync` now takes a component type
and throws if not all templates are either inlined
are compiled before via `createAsync`.

Closes #9594

modules/@angular/core/src/reflection/reflection_capabilities.ts

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ export class ReflectionCapabilities implements PlatformReflectionCapabilities {
 
   isReflectionEnabled(): boolean { return true; }
 
-  factory(t: ConcreteType): Function {
+  factory(t: ConcreteType<any>): Function {
     switch (t.length) {
       case 0:
         return () => new t();