perf: Don’t subclass Error; resulting in smaller binary (#14160)

Subclassing errors is problematic since Error returns a
new instance. All of the patching which we do than prevent
proper application of source maps.

PR Close #14160

modules/@angular/core/src/errors.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+/**
+ * @license
+ * Copyright Google Inc. All Rights Reserved.
+ *
+ * Use of this source code is governed by an MIT-style license that can be
+ * found in the LICENSE file at https://angular.io/license
+ */
+
+import {Type} from './type';
+import {DebugContext} from './view';
+
+export const ERROR_TYPE = 'ngType';
+export const ERROR_COMPONENT_TYPE = 'ngComponentType';
+export const ERROR_DEBUG_CONTEXT = 'ngDebugContext';
+export const ERROR_ORIGINAL_ERROR = 'ngOriginalError';
+
+
+export function getType(error: Error): Function {
+  return (error as any)[ERROR_TYPE];
+}
+
+export function getDebugContext(error: Error): DebugContext {
+  return (error as any)[ERROR_DEBUG_CONTEXT];
+}
+
+export function getOriginalError(error: Error): Error {
+  return (error as any)[ERROR_ORIGINAL_ERROR];
+}