fix(common): format day-periods that cross midnight (#36611)

When formatting a time with the `b` or `B` format codes, the rendered
string was not correctly handling day periods that spanned midnight.
Instead the logic was falling back to the default case of `AM`.

Now the logic has been updated so that it matches times that are within
a day period that spans midnight, so it will now render the correct
output, such as `at night` in the case of English.

Applications that are using either `formatDate()` or `DatePipe` and any
of the `b` or `B` format codes will be affected by this change.

Fixes #36566

PR Close #36611

packages/common/test/i18n/format_date_spec.ts

@@ -202,6 +202,19 @@ describe('Format date', () => {
         BBBBB: 'mi',
       };
 
+      const midnightCrossingPeriods: any = {
+        b: 'night',
+        bb: 'night',
+        bbb: 'night',
+        bbbb: 'night',
+        bbbbb: 'night',
+        B: 'at night',
+        BB: 'at night',
+        BBB: 'at night',
+        BBBB: 'at night',
+        BBBBB: 'at night',
+      };
+
       Object.keys(dateFixtures).forEach((pattern: string) => {
         expectDateFormatAs(date, pattern, dateFixtures[pattern]);
       });
@@ -209,6 +222,11 @@ describe('Format date', () => {
       Object.keys(isoStringWithoutTimeFixtures).forEach((pattern: string) => {
         expectDateFormatAs(isoStringWithoutTime, pattern, isoStringWithoutTimeFixtures[pattern]);
       });
+
+      const nightTime = new Date(2015, 5, 15, 2, 3, 1, 550);
+      Object.keys(midnightCrossingPeriods).forEach(pattern => {
+        expectDateFormatAs(nightTime, pattern, midnightCrossingPeriods[pattern]);
+      });
     });
 
     it('should format with timezones', () => {