refactor(compiler-cli): update type checker symbols to include more information (#38844)

This commit updates the symbols in the TemplateTypeCheck API and methods
for retrieving them:

* Include `isComponent` and `selector` for directives so callers can determine which
attributes on an element map to the matched directives.
* Add a new `TextAttributeSymbol` and return this when requesting a symbol for a `TextAttribute`.
* When requesting a symbol for `PropertyWrite` and `MethodCall`, use the
`nameSpan` to retrieve symbols.
* Add fix to retrieve generic directives attached to elements/templates.

PR Close #38844

packages/compiler/src/render3/view/t2_api.ts

@@ -46,6 +46,9 @@ export interface DirectiveMeta {
    */
   name: string;
 
+  /** The selector for the directive or `null` if there isn't one. */
+  selector: string|null;
+
   /**
    * Whether the directive is a component.
    */