feat(ivy): check regular attributes that correspond with directive inputs (#33066)

Prior to this change, a static attribute that corresponds with a
directive's input would not be type-checked against the type of the
input. This is unfortunate, as a static value always has type `string`,
whereas the directive's input type might be something different. This
typically occurs when a developer forgets to enclose the attribute name
in brackets to make it a property binding.

This commit lets static attributes be considered as bindings with string
values, so that they will be properly type-checked.

PR Close #33066

packages/compiler-cli/test/ngtsc/template_typecheck_spec.ts

@@ -80,6 +80,32 @@ export declare class CommonModule {
       env.driveMain();
     });
 
+    it('should check regular attributes that are directive inputs', () => {
+      env.write('test.ts', `
+        import {Component, Directive, NgModule, Input} from '@angular/core';
+    
+        @Component({
+          selector: 'test',
+          template: '<div dir foo="2"></div>',
+        })
+        class TestCmp {}
+    
+        @Directive({selector: '[dir]'})
+        class TestDir {
+          @Input() foo: number;
+        }
+    
+        @NgModule({
+          declarations: [TestCmp, TestDir],
+        })
+        class Module {}
+      `);
+
+      const diags = env.driveDiagnostics();
+      expect(diags.length).toBe(1);
+      expect(diags[0].messageText).toEqual(`Type 'string' is not assignable to type 'number'.`);
+    });
+
     it('should check basic usage of NgIf', () => {
       env.write('test.ts', `
     import {CommonModule} from '@angular/common';