feat(core): separate refs from vars.

Introduces `ref-` to give a name to an element or a directive (also works for `<template>` elements), and `let-` to introduce an input variable for a `<template>` element.

BREAKING CHANGE:
- `#...` now always means `ref-`.
- `<template #abc>` now defines a reference to the TemplateRef, instead of an input variable used inside of the template.
- `#...` inside of a *ngIf, … directives is deprecated.
  Use `let …` instead.
- `var-...` is deprecated. Replace with `let-...` for `<template>` elements and `ref-` for non `<template>` elements.

Closes #7158

Closes #8264

modules/angular2/test/public_api_spec.ts

@@ -116,6 +116,7 @@ var NG_COMPILER = [
   "TEMPLATE_TRANSFORMS",
   "TextAst",
   "VariableAst",
+  "ReferenceAst",
   "XHR",
   "templateVisitAll",
   "CompileDiDependencyMetadata",