refactor(ivy): update the compiler to emit $localize tags (#31609)

This commit changes the Angular compiler (ivy-only) to generate `$localize`
tagged strings for component templates that use `i18n` attributes.

BREAKING CHANGE

Since `$localize` is a global function, it must be included in any applications
that use i18n. This is achieved by importing the `@angular/localize` package
into an appropriate bundle, where it will be executed before the renderer
needs to call `$localize`. For CLI based projects, this is best done in
the `polyfills.ts` file.

```ts
import '@angular/localize';
```

For non-CLI applications this could be added as a script to the index.html
file or another suitable script file.

PR Close #31609

integration/side-effects/snapshots/core/esm2015.js

@@ -1,3 +1,17 @@
 import "rxjs";
 
 import "rxjs/operators";
+
+const __globalThis = "undefined" !== typeof globalThis && globalThis;
+
+const __window = "undefined" !== typeof window && window;
+
+const __self = "undefined" !== typeof self && "undefined" !== typeof WorkerGlobalScope && self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope && self;
+
+const __global = "undefined" !== typeof global && global;
+
+const _global = __globalThis || __global || __window || __self;
+
+if (ngDevMode) _global.$localize = _global.$localize || function() {
+    throw new Error("The global function `$localize` is missing. Please add `import '@angular/localize';` to your polyfills.ts file.");
+};

integration/side-effects/snapshots/core/esm5.js

@@ -3,3 +3,17 @@ import "tslib";
 import "rxjs";
 
 import "rxjs/operators";
+
+var __globalThis = "undefined" !== typeof globalThis && globalThis;
+
+var __window = "undefined" !== typeof window && window;
+
+var __self = "undefined" !== typeof self && "undefined" !== typeof WorkerGlobalScope && self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope && self;
+
+var __global = "undefined" !== typeof global && global;
+
+var _global = __globalThis || __global || __window || __self;
+
+if (ngDevMode) _global.$localize = _global.$localize || function() {
+    throw new Error("The global function `$localize` is missing. Please add `import '@angular/localize';` to your polyfills.ts file.");
+};