refactor(ivy): update the compiler to emit $localize tags (#31609)

This commit changes the Angular compiler (ivy-only) to generate `$localize`
tagged strings for component templates that use `i18n` attributes.

BREAKING CHANGE

Since `$localize` is a global function, it must be included in any applications
that use i18n. This is achieved by importing the `@angular/localize` package
into an appropriate bundle, where it will be executed before the renderer
needs to call `$localize`. For CLI based projects, this is best done in
the `polyfills.ts` file.

```ts
import '@angular/localize';
```

For non-CLI applications this could be added as a script to the index.html
file or another suitable script file.

PR Close #31609

packages/core/testing/BUILD.bazel

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ ng_module(
         "//packages:types",
         "//packages/compiler",
         "//packages/core",
+        "//packages/localize",
         "@npm//@types/jasmine",
         "@npm//zone.js",
     ],